Signal Conditioning Industry Papers

What Makes 4-20mA Signal Transmission so Outstanding? In two-wire 4-20mA control loops, we use 2-wire transmitters to convert various process signals representing flow, speed, position, level, temperature, pressure, strain, pH, etc., to 4-20mA DC for the purpose of transmitting the signal over some distance with little or no loss of signal. This paper reviews the…

USB Isolation and Industrial I/O What is Isolation? Quite simply, isolation is achieved by removing any direct electrical connection between two devices or portions of a circuit, but having them work as if they were electrically connected. Isolation is generally rated by how high a low current AC voltage can be set before there is…

How to Choose Between Single-Ended or Differential Voltage Measurement | Single-Ended Featured | Industry Technology Paper Learn How to Choose Which Method to Apply Examining important aspects of single-ended and differential voltage measurement, along with tips on why it might be better to choose one method over the other. Single-Ended Input voltage Measurement A single-ended…

How To Choose Between Single-Ended or Differential Voltage Measurement | Differential Featured | Industry Technology Paper Learn How to Choose Which Method to Apply Examining important aspects of single-ended and differential voltage measurement, along with tips on why it might be better to choose one method over the other. Voltage is a difference in electric…

How To Minimize Errors When Making Thermocouple to Transmitter Connections The most important thing to remember about the thermocouple is it that it’s the temperature difference between ends that produces the charge imbalance that drives the small voltages, not the junction of the two dissimilar metals that form the thermocouple circuit. While you can form…

Temperature Measurement Select the Best Temperature Sensor for Process Control Applications Industry Technology Paper Thermocouples vs Resistance Temperature Detectors Many users simply look to fill the basic needs of their application and do not worry much about their choice of temperature sensing technology. That is, they will make a selection based simply on temperature range…

The Basics of Temperature Measurement Using Thermocouples Points of Consideration When Using Thermocouples to Measure  Temperature Since accuracy will ultimately play a significant role in selecting a sensor type, we should be familiar with potential sources of error when making temperature measurements with thermocouples. Some of these considerations may steer us from one T/C type…

The Basics of Temperature Measurement Using RTDs Temperature reigns as the most often measured process parameter in industry. Most industrial applications require that a temperature be measured remotely, and that this signal be transmitted some distance. An industrial transmitter is commonly used to amplify, isolate, and convert the low-level sensor signal to a high level…

What is Strain & Strain Measurement What is Strain Gauge? Strain gauges change resistance in proportion to applied forces that result from loading, torque, pressure, acceleration, and vibration. Because their change in resistance to force is very small, they often connect in a Wheatstone Bridge of four elements. You can wire a bridge with one…